Bones are the solid organs of which the human skeleton (skeletal system) is made up. Bones are in a constant state of renewal (remodeling). At early age, the bone tissue is produced (ossified) at a higher ratio than the breakdown (resorption) of old tissue—a process called bone ossification and resorption, bone remodeling, or bone metabolism. As people age, the metabolism process is reversed; such that resorption occurs at a higher ratio than ossification (which is typical of aging).
Osteoporosis is a common health condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break. It develops slowly over several years, and is often only diagnosed when a minor fall or sudden impact causes a bone fracture. Women are at higher risk of osteoporosis, especially post-menopause.
Thinning bones, the silent disease.
At early stages, osteoporosis does not usually cause any symptoms. As the diseases develops, though, the following symptoms may occur:
They are the most serious bone fractures. Hip fractures are usually caused by falls. They may result in the patient’s paralysis, or even death, owing to the complications that may occur after surgeries, especially in the elderly.
Fractures of the spinal bones, or spinal fractures, may occur without injuries or falls. The weight pressure on the spinal bones (vertebrae) causes them to collapse on one another, causing a severe back pain.
Following preventive precautions is necessary for the preservation of bone density, and hence avoid osteoporosis, in addition to avoiding falls and fractures. If a patient is diagnosed with osteoporosis, though, the physician shall determine the treatment method, based on the symptoms that the patient develops.
Prevention of osteoporosis should begin at an early age, through to all the subsequent age stages. Osteoporosis prevention depends on the following:
Most women are examined for osteoporosis when they are 65 years old. They can be screened before 65, after menopause, or in case they are at risk of osteoporosis (for example, smoking). The osteoporosis examination is conducted through clinical examination, medical history, and measurement of the bone density.
Introduction:
Diabetes is a chronic disease of high blood glucose (sugar) level than the normal level, and is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or reduced tissues sensitivity, or both.
Insulin: A hormone produced by the pancreas to help control and maintain blood glucose.
Types of the disease:
Type 1 diabetes:
This type occurs when insulin producing cells are completely disrupted and become unable to produce the hormone. Usually, this type of diabetes affects young people.
Type 2 diabetes:
Symptoms:
Diagnosis:
Averages:
High Blood Sugar Averages Prediabetes Averages Normal Sugar Averages Types of Blood Test From 126 mg/dl or more 100-125 mg/dl Less than 100 mg/dl Fasting Blood Test From 200 mg/dl or more 140-199 mg/dl Less than140 mg/dl 2 Hours After Eating 605% or more 5.7-6.4% Less than 5.7% Accumulative Sugar Test
Causes and Risk Factors:
Complications:
Chronic Complications:
Treatment:
There is currently no cure for diabetes; however, you can keep level of blood sugar within normal range. Treatment of diabetes differs from patient to patient, the doctor decides the most appropriate type of treatment for each patient, depending on the following:
Type of diabetes.
Prevention:
Prediabetes, type2 diabetes and gestational diabetes can be prevented through the following:
Examinations necessary for diabetics:
Overview:
The World Kidney Day aims to increase education and awareness about the importance of kidneys for the human body, and shed light on preventive behaviors, risk factors, and ways kidney patients can live with the disease.
Facts:
Main kidney functions:
Objectives:
Overview:
The World Kidney Day aims to increase education and awareness about the importance of kidneys for the human body, and shed light on preventive behaviors, risk factors, and ways kidney patients can live with the disease.
Facts:
Main kidney functions:
Objectives:
Introduction:
Diabetes is a chronic disease of high blood glucose (sugar) level than the normal level, and is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or reduced tissues sensitivity, or both.
Insulin: A hormone produced by the pancreas to help control and maintain blood glucose.
Types of the disease:
Type 1 diabetes:
This type occurs when insulin producing cells are completely disrupted and become unable to produce the hormone. Usually, this type of diabetes affects young people.
Type 2 diabetes:
Symptoms:
Diagnosis:
Averages:
High Blood Sugar Averages Prediabetes Averages Normal Sugar Averages Types of Blood Test From 126 mg/dl or more 100-125 mg/dl Less than 100 mg/dl Fasting Blood Test From 200 mg/dl or more 140-199 mg/dl Less than140 mg/dl 2 Hours After Eating 605% or more 5.7-6.4% Less than 5.7% Accumulative Sugar Test
Causes and Risk Factors:
Complications:
Chronic Complications:
Treatment:
There is currently no cure for diabetes; however, you can keep level of blood sugar within normal range. Treatment of diabetes differs from patient to patient, the doctor decides the most appropriate type of treatment for each patient, depending on the following:
Type of diabetes.
Prevention:
Prediabetes, type2 diabetes and gestational diabetes can be prevented through the following:
Examinations necessary for diabetics:
Overview:
Eyes are one of the many blessings God has bestowed on us to discover the world around us; however, eyes can be inflicted with some diseases or problems, or even sometimes we can practice bad habits that deprive us of such blessing partially or entirely. Thus, we should spare no effort to keep our eyes safe and avoid whatever may harm them. All eye problems and diseases negatively affect eyesight and may occur due to genetic factors, accidental occasional problems, or aging. Such problems and diseases are treated with several methods such as wearing glasses, surgeries, or LASIK.
Eye parts:
How do we see things?
The eye uses two main parts to focus on the image being seen:
In normal conditions, the cornea and lens work together flexibly to be concave and convex depending on the proximity and distance of the image to adjust refraction of light on the retina and provide the ability to see the image clearly.
Refractive defects:
If the cornea or lens cannot work flexibly to be concave or convex, and refraction of light on the retina cannot occur, the image will not be seen clearly. Such condition differs according to the place where light refraction hits, and comprises:
Common Eye Problems:
General Guidelines for Maintaining Eye Health:
FAQs:
Oranges are a source of vitamin C which can be found in other sources. Oranges also strengthen your immune system. Oysters are rich in minerals that the human body needs. Therefore, oranges and oysters benefit all the parts of your body including the eyes.
Smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products expose the retina to high risks and damages, because the toxic substances in tobacco and its derivatives rise with smoke and enter the eyes. This increases the chances of blocking the retinal blood vessels and capillaries, which negatively affects eyesight health and safety.
Under eye bags is a common problem suffered from by many people, but can be treated by several methods. However, it is highly necessary to know the reason for and diagnose swelling in such area, as treatment depends on the cause. In specific cases, the doctor may prescribe oral antihistamines, decongestants, or perhaps eye drops that contain antihistamines.
Myths & Truths:
Truth: Massage helps get rid of dark circles under the eyes. This is because regular eye massages renew the skin cells around the eye.
Truth: Misuse of eye cosmetics may allow dangerous bacteria to grow in them. In addition, such products may contain high risk and sharing them with others may transfer germs from one person to another. The risk of infection increases if (test samples) of such cosmetics are used as they are tried by many women. Permanent dyes and coloring materials to beautify eyelashes or eyebrows can cause serious injuries, including blindness. The competent authorities did not authorize the use of any color additives for dye, or permanent coloring of eyelashes or eyebrows.
Everyone feels psychologically stressed sometimes. People may also go through all kinds of stressful situations that may become part of their daily lives. Low-level stress can be beneficial or stimulating, and there are many things that can be done to help deal with stressful events. There are simple steps you can take to deal with feelings of stress, tension or exhaustion.
It is a feeling that you are under abnormal stress. It can come from various aspects of the day (e.g. increased workload, transition period, family argument, or new and existing financial concerns). You may find that they have a cumulative effect, as if there is a buildup of stress. During these situations, you may feel upset, and your body may create a response to stress, anxiety and irritability. This can result in a variety of physical symptoms and change the way you act. It can also make you experience more intense emotions. Stress can affect you physically and emotionally in multiple ways, and to varying degrees.
Stress affects people differently. Moreover, the causes of stress vary from a person to another, and the level of stress that you feel comfortable with may be higher or lower for others around you. Tense feelings usually occur when we feel that we do not have the resources to manage the challenges we face. Stress at work, school, home, illness, or difficult or sudden life events can lead to stress. Some possible causes include:
Stress can cause many different symptoms, and this can affect how you feel physically and mentally, as well as how you act.
Excessive or prolonged stress can lead to physical problems, including a decreased immunity, digestive and intestinal difficulties (e.g. IBS) or mental health problems (e.g. Depression). It is important to manage stress, and keep it at a healthy level to prevent long-term damage to the body and brain.
Raising the public awareness, particularly women, about the risk factors that increase the possibility of developing breast cancer, methods of prevention, the importance of early detection, target groups, location of service center, and providing integrated service to fight breast cancer from detection to treatment.
Overview:
Cancer is a broad term given to a collection of related diseases characterized by the abnormal growth of tumors on the organs of the body. There are two types of tumors, benign tumors and malignant tumors (which are known as cancerous tumors). The two types are distinguished by examining the tissue (taking a sample).
Breast cancer is a cancer that develops due to uncontrollable changes in the function or growth of the cells forming breast tissue. These changes transform these cells into cancerous cells that have the ability to spread. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it is more common in women.
According to European and American studies, one in eight women is at risk of developing breast cancer at some point in her life.
There are several types of breast cancer, and the most common of these types is known as Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): This type of cancer was named that way because it starts inside the milk ducts. This type accounts for 90% of breast cancer cases.
The actual cause of breast cancer is not known, but there are some factors that increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
In most cases there are no symptoms, but these signs may appear in advanced stages:
Having breast lumps does not necessarily mean that cancer is present; some lumps form due to cysts or infections.
Breast self exams should be done routinely every month, three to five days after the menstrual cycle, and the doctor must be contacted immediately upon noticing any changes.
1- Lying down:
2- Standing in front of the mirror and noting any changes:
It is a breast exam conducted by trained doctors and specialists in the hospital. If a patient has a family history of breast cancer, the doctor will immediately recommend a mammogram.
Mammography is an x-ray imaging method used to examine the breast. It is the most accurate way to detect breast cancer early, even if it was small in size. This early detection could lead to faster recovery.
All women are advised to have mammograms at least once a year, starting at the age of 40 (and perhaps earlier if there is a family history of breast cancer).
Treatment options depend on the diagnosis (type of tumor,stage, size) and the health status of the patient:
The world celebrates World Heart Day on the 29th of September every year; as it aims to raise public awareness to reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular diseases and allow members of society to make positive changes in their lives that help maintain their health and vitality.
Heart disease is a broad term used to describe a range of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. These diseases vary according to how they occur; some of which are caused by a blockage in blood vessels, leading to a heart attack, angina or stroke, while some affect the heart muscle, such as congestive heart failure.
The causes of heart diseases differ depending on the type of it.
The symptoms of heart diseases differ depending on the type of it. For example:
Irregular heartbeat:
If you experience such symptoms rush to the Emergency Room to avoid complications.
Heart disease treatment depends on the type of the disease and its causes. Generally the treatment plan includes:
Heart diseases are preventable by improving lifestyle;
